Three Levels
The ExPAND framework supports progression through three levels of AI-enhanced learning,
detailing key activities and focus areas at each stage to support
progressive AI literacy and learner development.
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The ©CRAFT model underpins the Prompt stage at all 3 levels, guiding learners to design purposeful prompts for effective AI use.
Student-guided (SG) Level:
Learning
ABOUT AI
At the Student-guided level, learners are introduced to the five stages of ExPAND — Explore, Prompt, Apply, Navigate, and Develop. Here, they build curiosity, basic prompting skills using ©CRAFT model, and ethical awareness while experimenting with AI under teacher guidance.
Key Areas: Curiosity, experimentation
Student Role: Guided Explorers, AI-Aware Beginners
AI Role: Tool, Tutor
Focus:
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Teacher-led exploration of AI tools to spark curiosity and awareness
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Context-based tasks for appropriate and purposeful use with the help of ©CRAFT model
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Discussions on AI’s strengths, limits, and potential risks to develop responsibility
Output: Students complete structured, teacher-designed tasks using AI as a supportive tool, gaining foundational knowledge of GenAI and cultivating cautious optimism.
At the Student-driven level, learners revisit the stages from Prompt (i.e. ©CRAFT model) to Develop with greater sophistication. Using the ©POWER model (Present, Open, Work, Extend, Reflect), they apply structured strategies to create more meaningful, creative, and well-organised work with AI support.
Key Areas: Strategy, creativity, critical thinking
Student Role: Critical Responders, Iterative Thinkers
AI Role: Coach, Teammate
Focus:
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Applying the ©POWER model to strengthen ideas and build self-editing habits
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Introducing ©PromptFlow Sequences (PFSs) for strategic prompting and logical progression
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Using ©POWER Bots to support targeted language skills
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Integrating ©POWER, ©PFSs, and ©POWER Bots into a cohesive learning process
Output: Students take greater initiative, refine AI outputs, request feedback, and negotiate meaning with AI, while teachers shift into mentoring and advisory roles.
Student-driven (SD) Level:
Learning
WITH AI
Student-led
(SL) Level:
Learning
BEYOND AI
At the Student-led level, learners engage deeply with Prompt (i.e. ©CRAFT model), Apply, Navigate, and Develop through the ©SMART model (Self-regulation, Metacognitive Reflection, Adaptive Transfer, Responsible Innovation, Task Ownership). They become self-directed learners who use AI ethically, set personal goals, reflect critically, and take full ownership of their learning journey.
Key Areas: Ethics, independence, self-direction
Student Role: Self-directed Co-constructors, Purposeful Innovators
AI Role: Amplifier, Creative Partner
Focus:
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Embedding ©SMART habits to build metacognitive routines for planning, monitoring, and evaluation
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Using AI to simulate peer dialogue and debates, fostering independent reasoning
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Developing resilience through AI-supported learning logs and reflective journals
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Extending learning via cross-task and cross-curriculum transfer (e.g. STEAM, Values Education)
Output: Students design their own prompts, use AI as a metacognitive companion, and critically evaluate outputs. They demonstrate autonomy by transferring learning across contexts and showcase mastery of AI literacy through confident, ethical, and purposeful AI use.