Central Pillars
Together, the pillars help teachers and students share responsibility, shifting from teacher-led instruction to collaborative inquiry and learner independence.
1. ©CRAFT model
The ©CRAFT model provides a structured approach to prompt design within the ExPAND framework. It equips students with a clear, memorable method for generating precise and purposeful prompts that lead to accurate and desirable AI outputs.
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Context – Define the situation or purpose
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Role – Assign a perspective or voice
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Action – State what needs to be done
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Format – Specify the structure or output
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Tone – Match the style and audience
In short, strong prompts are crafted, not disjointed.
The ©POWER model defines five key stages of thought-promoting AI prompting:
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P: Present an idea
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O: Open it up (expand with reasons)
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W: Work one detail
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E: Extend the thinking
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R: Review and Reflect
This model underpins prompt design, AI interactions, and learner prompting logic. It provides the foundation for structured reasoning, guiding learners through progressive steps of idea generation, development, and reflection.
2. ©POWER model
3. ©POWER Bots
©POWER Bots are personalised GenAI tutors built with the ©POWER model embedded in their logic. These bots:
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Ask POWER-based guiding questions
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Adapt to learner performance (e.g., loop back if responses are vague)
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Provide scaffolds tailored to learner needs
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Deliver personalised feedback across areas such as planning, reasoning, and communication
©PromptFlow Sequences (PFSs) are a library of task-specific prompts that apply the ©POWER model in context. They break down complex learning purposes into scaffolded steps that:
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Support metacognitive thinking
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Model-structured approaches to problem-solving tasks
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Position AI as a coach rather than an answer-giver
4. ©PromptFlow Sequences (PFSs)
5. ©SMART model
The ©CRAFT model, ©POWER model, ©POWER Bots, and ©PFSs evolve through the ©SMART model. This framework equips learners to engage in:
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Self-regulation
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Metacognitive reflection
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Adaptive transfer
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Responsible innovation
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Task ownership
©SMART model cultivates autonomy, self-assessment, and learner agency, marking the progression from Student-guided (SG) to Student-driven (SD) and finally to Student-led (SL) learning.