The ExPAND framework offers a structured, student-centred pathway for integrating generative AI into learning. Through FIVE stages — Explore, Prompt, Apply, Navigate, and Develop — and THREE levels — Student-Guided (SG), Student-Driven (SD), and Student-Led (SL) — learners advance from guided exploration to independent, ethical mastery while developing FIVE domains of literacy: digital, critical, creative, communicative, and reflective literacies.
 

• The CRAFT model initiates the process by cultivating clarity and purpose in prompt design (Context, Role, Action, Format, Tone).

• Building on this, the POWER model strengthens reasoning through a structured thinking process (Present, Open, Work, Extend, Reflect).

• This structured logic is then extended through POWER Bots, which transform the POWER model into personalised and interactive AI coaching that adapts to learners’ needs.

• The progression continues with PromptFlow Sequences (PFSs), drawing on CRAFT principles for clarity and tone to guide students step by step through authentic and scaffolded learning activities.

• Ultimately, the SMART model synthesises all previous pillars into Self-regulation, Metacognitive Reflection, Adaptive Transfer, Responsible Innovation, and Task Ownership, enabling reflective, autonomous and ethical learning.
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Together, these interconnected pillars form a seamless progression — guiding learners from crafting prompts to structuring thought, applying reasoning, engaging interactively, and ultimately achieving smart autonomy.

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At its core: ExPAND AI, CRAFT literacies, POWER minds, SMART learn.​